british pharmaceutical codex pdf 2016 - and reviews

Risk ranking has been applied to food safety monitoring programs and has shown to increase the efficiency of monitoring and to decrease inspection costs, both in practice and from theoretical calculations (Presi et al., 2008 Baptista et al., 2012 Reist et al., 2012). It is the combination of the probability that a hazard may occur in a food product and the effect of exposure to the hazard on human health (Codex Alimentarius, 2001). Within the area of food, risk is defined as the analysis and prioritization of the combined probability of food contamination, consumer exposure and the size of the anticipated public health impact of specific chemical, microbiological and/or nutritional hazards related to food. It permits governmental and regulatory organizations to allocate their resources efficiently to the most significant public health problems (Van Kreijl et al., 2006). Ranking of health risks related to food safety and nutrition is generally recognized as the basis for risk-based priority setting and resource allocation. Recommendations for future use and application are provided. The method to be used should be selected on the basis of risk manager/assessor requirements, data availability, and the characteristics of the method.

It was concluded there is no single best method for risk ranking. Method categories were described by their characteristics, weaknesses and strengths, data resources, and fields of applications. These categories included: risk assessment, comparative risk assessment, risk ratio method, scoring method, cost of illness, health adjusted life years (HALY), multi-criteria decision analysis, risk matrix, flow charts/decision trees, stated preference techniques and expert synthesis. The methods were then clustered-based on their characteristics-into eleven method categories. The review used a predefined search protocol, and covered the bibliographic databases Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Web of Sciences, and PubMed over the period 1993–2013.Īll references deemed relevant, on the basis of predefined evaluation criteria, were included in the review, and the risk ranking method characterized. A literature review was performed to identify and characterize methods for risk ranking from the fields of food, environmental science and socio-economic sciences. This study aimed to critically review methods for ranking risks related to food safety and dietary hazards on the basis of their anticipated human health impacts.

British pharmaceutical codex pdf 2016 - and reviews